Itara ry'imigano, kubera gukoresha imigano, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bikozwe, kuburyo bifite ibyiza bitandukanye byimigano, biramba, biremereye, byoroshye.Ntabwo ari amatara ya chandelier gusa, ahubwo ni n'ubukorikori bwiza.Guhitamo imigano nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukora amatara n'amatara byangiza ibidukikije.Igishushanyo cyaitaraikomatanya ibihangano byabashinwa, bigezweho na gakondo, byoroshye, ibyiciro bitandukanye, ingaruka zubuhanzi, kandi bizana abantu ibintu bitunguranye.
Inkomoko yacu yo kuboha imigano
Dukurikije amakuru y’ubucukuzi, abantu batangiye gutura, bakoraga ubuhinzi bworoshye n’ubworozi, kandi iyo habaga hari umuceri mwinshi n’ibigori ndetse bagahiga ibiryo, babika ibiryo n'amazi yo kunywa kugira ngo babone rimwe na rimwe.Muri iki gihe, bakoresheje amashoka atandukanye yamabuye, ibyuma byamabuye nibindi bikoresho byo gutema amashami yibiti no kubiboha ibitebo, ibiseke nibindi bikoresho.Mu myitozo, wasangaga imigano yumye, isatuye, iturika, yoroheje kandi ikomeye, kandi ishobora kuboha byoroshye, bikomeye kandi biramba.Rero, imigano yabaye ibikoresho byingenzi byo gutegura amato muri kiriya gihe.
Ububumbyi bw'Abashinwa nabwo bwatangiye mu gihe cya Neolithic, kandi imiterere yabyo yari ifitanye isano rya bugufi no gutegura imigano.Abakurambere batabishaka basanze ibikoresho bikozwe mu ibumba bitari byoroshye kwinjira mu mazi kandi byashoboraga gufata amazi nyuma yo gutwikwa n'umuriro.Igitebo rero gikozwe mumigano na rattan cyakoreshwaga nkicyitegererezo, hanyuma imbere no hanze yigitebo hashyizweho ibumba kugirango bakore imigano na taupe irambiwe.Yatekeshejwe ku muriro kugirango akore ibikoresho.Nyuma, iyo abantu bakoze insoro zitandukanye zivuye mubumba, bahagaritse kuboha imigano.Nyamara, bari bagikunda cyane imiterere ya geometrike yaimigano na rattan, kandi barimbisha hejuru yububiko bwibumba hamwe nibishushanyo bigana ibyibiseke, ibitebo, matel, nibindi bitambara biboheshejwe hejuru yabyo hejuru yumye.
Mu ngoma ya Yin na Shang mu Bushinwa, imigano naamatara yo kubohaimiterere yabaye myinshi.Muburyo bwo gucapa ububumbyi bwagaragaye ku gishushanyo cya chevron, umuceri, ishusho yinyuma, imiterere yumuraba nubundi buryo.Mu bihe by'Impeshyi n'Impeshyi n'Intambara mu bihe, imikoreshereze y'imigano yaguwe, kandi kuboha imigano bigenda bitera imbere nk'ubukorikori, kandi impumuro nziza yo gushushanya imigano irakomera kandi irakomera, kandi kuboha byarushijeho kuba byiza.
Ibihe bya Warring byabyaye kandi umuntu witangiye kwiga tekinike yo kuboha imigano, ni Taishan.
Ubuhanga bwo kuboha Chu mugihe cyibihugu byintambara nabyo byateye imbere cyane, byacukuwe ni: mato yimigano, umwenda wimigano, imigano soo (ni ukuvuga agasanduku k'imigano), umufana w'imigano, agaseke k'imigano, agaseke k'imigano n'ibindi hafi ijana. .
Mugihe cyingoma ya Qin na Han, kuboha imigano byakurikije ubuhanga bwo kuboha leta ya Chu.1980, abahanga mu bucukumbuzi bwacu bavumbuye muri Xi'an "Ubwato bwa bronze bwa Qin Ling" hamwe na chevron yashizwe hasi, nkurikije isesengura ry’impuguke, iyi shusho ya chevron ishingiye ku migano iboheshejwe imigano iboheye ya chevron.
Byongeye,kuboha imiganoyakozwe kandi mubikinisho byabana nabanyabukorikori babahanga.Iserukiramuco ryamatara ryakwirakwiriye mubantu kuva ku ngoma ya Tang kandi ryamamaye cyane mubwami bwindirimbo.Bamwe mu banyacyubahiro baha akazi abakora itara kugirango bakore amatara meza.Imwe murimwe nugukoresha imigano gabion kugirango uhambire amagufwa hanyuma ushireho silik cyangwa impapuro zamabara kuri peripheri.Bamwe muribo nabo bari bashushanyijeho imyenda yimigano.
Amatara yikiyoka yatangiriye mu 202 mbere ya Yesu kandi yamenyekanye cyane muri 960. Umutwe numubiri wikiyoka ahanini bikozwe mumigano, kandi umunzani uri kuri cya kiyoka akenshi uboheshejwe imigozi.
Hariho kandi opera ntoya ya rubanda yitwa "gukina imigano".Yatanzwe kuva ku ngoma ya Sui na Tang.Imikorere yikinamico ifitanye isano nifarasi, nka "Zhaogun avuye mu gihome" nibindi, abakinnyi batwara ifarashi ikozwe mumigano.
Ingoma ya mbere ya Ming, agace ka Jiangnan bakora umwuga wo kuboha imigano bikomeje kwiyongera, bazerera mumihanda no mumihanda gutunganya inzu ku nzu.Imigano y'imigano, ibiseke by'imigano, agasanduku k'imigano ni ubuhanga bukomeye bwo kuboha imigano.Cyane cyane kuboha imigano nibyo bizwi cyane.Imigano y'amazi ya Yiyang yashinzwe mu mpera za Yuan n'ingoma ya mbere ya Ming.
Hagati y'ingoma ya Ming, gukoresha imigozi y'imigano byaragutse cyane, kuboha byinshi kandi binini, ariko kandi na lacquer hamwe nibindi bikorwa byahujwe no gukora ibikoresho byinshi byo hejuru byimigano.Nkibisanduku byo gusiga amarangi yo gushushanya no kwandika, udusanduku duto duto two gufata imitako, nagasanduku nini yo gushyira ibiryo.
"Agasanduku k'umukara wa lacquer yambaraga agasanduku" kari ubwoko bw'imigano iboheshejwe imigozi yakoreshejwe na guverinoma hamwe n'inkone mu ngoma ya Ming.
Mugihe cyingoma ya Ming na Qing, cyane cyane nyuma yigihe cya Qianlong, gahunda yo kuboha imigano yaratejwe imbere.Ibitebo by'imigano byagaragaye muri Jiangsu na Zhejiang.
Kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 kugeza muri 1930, ubukorikori bwo kuboha imigano bwateye imbere mu majyepfo y'Ubushinwa.Ubuhanga bwo kuboha imigano nuburyo bwo kuboha bwarakozwe neza kandi buhuzwa hamwe nuburyo burenga 150 bwububoshyi.
Nyuma ya 1937, munsi yicyuma cyingabo zUbuyapani zateye, abahanzi baboha imigano barambitse amaboko kugirango bajye mubindi bucuruzi, abahanzi bake gusa murusengero rwa kera kugirango bakomeze ubukorikori bwo kuboha imigano.
Intambara imaze gutsinda, ubuhanzi bwo kuboha imigano bwagiye busubirwamo buhoro buhoro, kandi nyuma ya 1950, ubuhanzi bwo kuboha imigano bwatangiye kumenyekana kumugaragaro nkigice cy’inganda z’ubukorikori, bwinjira mu cyumba cy’ubuhanzi.Abahanzi bafite ubuhanga buke bwo kuboha imigano nabo bagaragaye ari benshi, bamwe muribo basuzumwe kandi kuri tekiniki ya "umunyabukorikori" na "umunyabukorikori mukuru".Bahawe izina ry'icyubahiro rya "Ubushinwa n'Ubukorikori bw'Ubushinwa" na "Ubushinwa Bamboo Craft Master".
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, kuboha imigano byatakaje buhoro buhoro isoko ryabyo, kandi ubuhanga bwo kuboha bwabaye "umurage ndangamuco udasanzwe".Ariko, hariho abahanzi benshi baboha imigano bagikomeza ubudacogora bakurikirana ibihangano bishya, kandi ibikorwa bishya bigenda bigaragara.
Amateka yiterambere ryamatara
Amatara y'imigano bakunze kwita amatara y'imigano asobanutse,amatara yubuhanzi, nibindi, kandi bifite amateka maremare.Hejuru kare cyane, itara ry'imigano ni itara ryoroshye, abantu bakoresha ibiranga imigano kugezakora itara ryoroshyekugirango abantu bakoreshe.Mu myaka yashize, kubera igishushanyo cy’amatara yimigano, guhuza ibintu bya kera byuburyo bwubushinwa, kuburyo byatangiye kwitabwaho no gukundwa nabenshi mubaguzi.Kubera imiterere yihariye yubuhanzi, yatangiye kumenyekana no kumenyera abantu, cyane cyane urukurikirane rwamatara yimigano yubushinwa, aribicuruzwa byamatara abantu bahitamo kenshi.
Uburyo bwo kuboha imigano burashobora kugabanywa muburyo butatu: gutangira, kuboha no gufunga.Muburyo bwo kuboha, uburyo bwo kuboha no kuboha nuburyo bukuru.Hishimikijwe kuboha no kuboha, birashobora kandi guhuzwa nubuhanga butandukanye, nka: kuboha gake, gushiramo, kwinjira, gukata, gufunga, imisumari, karuvati, gushiraho, nibindi, kugirango ibishushanyo bibe bitandukanye.Ibicuruzwa bigomba guhuzwa nandi mabara bikozwe mubice bisize irangi imigano cyangwa imigozi ihujwe hamwe kugirango ikore ibintu bitandukanye bitandukanye, byiza kandi bifite amabara.
Ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu migano bifashisha gusa hejuru yimigano, fibre iruzuye cyane, kandi mugihe kimwe, kuvura bidasanzwe, birashobora kwihanganira gukama, ntibihindurwe, ntabwo ari udukoko, amazi arashobora kwezwa.
Kuboha imigano gakondo bifite amateka maremare.Kuboha imigano gakondo bifite amateka maremare, bikungahaye kuri kristalisiti yimirimo itoroshye y'abakozi bakora, ubukorikori bwo kuboha imigano bugabanijwemo ubukorikori bwiza bwa silike hamwe n'ubukorikori bubi bw'imigano.Uburyo butandukanye bwaitara ryo kuboha imigano rirakorabyerekanwe mumikorere gakondo yubuhanga.
Agaciro k'umuco w'amatara
1.Mu isura nziza niho hari umuco wimbitse wo kuboha imigano: ubumwe bwijuru numuntu mubitekerezo byo kurema.
2. imiganoitaraubukorikori kuva guhitamo ibikoresho kugeza mubikorwa byo kwitegura, buri nzira igomba kuba yuzuye neza, igihe cyo gukusanya imigano gikunze kwibasirwa nudukoko cyangwa imigano yoroheje, guhitamo imigano bigena imiterere yimigano, bityo bikagora ingorane zo gutegura.XINSANXING itara ryubatswen'urwego rw'ubwiza.
3. imiganoitaragutoranya ibikoresho byigihe, akarere, imigano gakondo yakozwe mububiko, urwego rwo kubyara rugena imiganoitaraniba ibikoresho ari byiza kandi bihanga.Nubwo kuboha imigano gakondo bidafatwa nkigitangaza, ariko biragaragaza cyane imyumvire gakondo yubushinwa bwo kurema "ubumwe bwabantu na kamere" bushimangirwa nigitekerezo cyo guhuza no guhuza umuco numuntu na kamere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-25-2021