kukui ʻohe, no ka hoʻohanaʻana i kaʻohe, kahi mea kūikawā i hanaʻia mai, i loaʻa iā ia nāʻano pono likeʻole o kaʻohe, lōʻihi, māmā, maʻalahi.ʻAʻole ia he kukui kukui wale nō, akā he hana nani hoʻi.ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka ʻohe e like me ka mea maka no ka hana ʻana i nā kukui a me nā kukui he mea ʻoluʻolu loa.ʻO ka hoʻolālā okukui ʻohehoʻohui i nā kiʻi hana lima Pākē, nā mea hou a me nā kuʻuna, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, nā papa ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka hopena noʻeau, a lawe mai i nā poʻe i nā mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.
ʻO kā mākou kumu ulana ʻohe
Wahi a ka ʻikepili archaeological, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kanaka e noho i lalo, ua hana lākou i ka mahiʻai maʻalahi a me ka hana holoholona, a i ka wā i loaʻa iki ka laiki a me ke kulina a me ka ʻai ʻai, mālama lākou i ka meaʻai a me ka wai inu no ka pono i kekahi manawa.I kēia manawa, hoʻohana lākou i nā koʻi pōhaku like ʻole, nā pahi pōhaku a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e ʻoki i nā lālā o nā mea kanu a ulana ʻia i loko o ka hīnaʻi, hīnaʻi a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia he maloʻo ka ʻohe, ʻokiʻoki, māwae, lohi a paʻakikī, a hiki ke ulana maʻalahi, ikaika a paʻa.No laila, lilo ka ʻohe i mea nui no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā moku i ia manawa.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka ipu lepo Kina i ka wā Neolithic, a ua pili loa kona hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻohe.Ua ʻike ʻole ka poʻe kūpuna ʻaʻole hiki ke paʻa i ka wai a hiki ke paʻa i ka wai ma hope o ka puhi ʻia ʻana e ke ahi.No laila ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hīnaʻi i hana ʻia me ka ʻohe a me ka ʻōpala, a laila ua uhi ʻia ka loko a me waho o ka hīnaʻi me ka pālolo e hana ai i ka ʻohe a me ka ʻōpala maloʻo.Hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ke ahi e hana i nā mea hana.Ma hope mai, i ka hana ʻana o nā kānaka i nā ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole mai ka pālolo, ua hoʻōki lākou i ka ulana ʻohe.Akā naʻe, makemake nui lākou i nā ʻano geometric oʻohe a me ka ʻōlima, a e hoʻonani lākou i ka ʻili o ka pellet ipu lepo me nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ke ʻano o ka hīnaʻi, hīnaʻi, moena, a me nā lole ulana ʻē aʻe ma ka paʻi ʻana iā lākou ma kahi maloʻo.
I ka moʻokūʻauhau Yin a me Shang ma Kina, ʻohe a mekukui ulana rotanua nui nā ʻano.Ma ke ʻano paʻi ipu i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano chevron, ka laiki, ke kua, ka nalu a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.I ka wā puna a me ka Autumn and Warring States, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻohe, a ua ulu mālie ka ulana ʻohe e like me ke ʻano hana, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka ikaika o ka ulana ʻana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ua hoʻokumu pū ka wā Warring States i kahi kanaka i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻenehana ulana ʻohe, ʻo ia ʻo Taishan.
Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻenehana ulana Chu i ka wā Kaua Mokuʻāina, ʻeli ʻia: moena ʻohe, pale ʻohe, ʻohe soo (ie pahu ʻohe), peʻahi ʻohe, hīnaʻi ʻohe, hīnaʻi ʻohe, hīnaʻi ʻohe a pēlā aku ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻāpana. .
I ka wā o nā aliʻi Qin a me Han, ua hahai ka ulana ʻohe i nā ʻenehana ulana o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Chu.I ka makahiki 1980, ua ʻike ʻia kā mākou archaeologists ma Xiʻan "Qin Ling bronze carriage" me kahi hiʻohiʻona chevron i hoʻolei ʻia ma lalo, e like me ka loiloi loea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona chevron ma luna o ka moena ulana ʻohe i ulana ʻia chevron pattern cast.
Kahi mea hou aʻe,ulana ʻoheua hana ʻia hoʻi i mea pāʻani no nā keiki e nā mea hana akamai.Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka ʻaha kukui ma waena o nā poʻe mai ka wā Tang Dynasty a ua kaulana loa i ka Song Dynasty.Hoʻolimalima kekahi mau mea hanohano i nā mea hana kukui e hana i nā kukui nani.ʻO kekahi o lākou ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā gabions ʻohe e nakinaki ai i nā iwi a hoʻopili i ka siliki a i ʻole ka pepa kala ma ka ʻaoʻao.Ua kāhiko ʻia kekahi o lākou me ke kilika ʻohe i ulana ʻia.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kukui ʻo Dragon ma 202 BC a lilo i mea kaulana i ka makahiki 960. ʻO ke poʻo a me ke kino o ka deragona i hana nui ʻia i nā gabions ʻohe, a ua nakinaki pinepine ʻia nā unahi ma luna o ka deragona me ka siliki ʻohe.
Aia kekahi keaka mele liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "paʻani lio ʻohe".Ua hāʻawi ʻia mai ka mōʻī Sui a me Tang.ʻO ka hana o ka pāʻani e pili ana i ka lio, e like me "Zhaogun mai ka pā kaua" a pēlā aku, holo nā mea keaka i ka lio i hanaʻia i kaʻohe.
ʻO ka Ming Dynasty mua, ʻo Jiangnan kahi e hana nei i nā mea ulana ʻohe e hoʻomau i ka hoʻonui ʻana, e holoholo ana ma nā alanui a me nā alahele i ka hana ʻana i kēlā me kēia puka.ʻO nā moena ʻohe, nā hīnaʻi ʻohe, nā pahu ʻohe, he mea hoʻohiwahiwa loa i ka ulana ʻohe.ʻO ka ulana ʻohe ka mea kaulana loa.Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka moena ʻohe wai o Yiyang i ka hope o ka Yuan a me nā mōʻī Ming mua.
Ma waenakonu o ka Ming Dynasty, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ulana ʻohe, ka ulana ʻana a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, akā pū kekahi a me ka lacquer a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe i hui pū ʻia e hana i ka nui o nā lako ʻohe upscale.E like me nā pahu pena no ka mālama ʻana i nā kiʻi pena a me ka calligraphy, nā pahu liʻiliʻi poepoe no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea nani, a me nā pahu pōʻai nui no ka waiho ʻana i nā meaʻai.
ʻO ka "brown lacquer bamboo woven round box" he ʻano pahu poepoe i ulana ʻia e ke aupuni a me nā ʻunuha ma ka Ming Dynasty.
I ka wā o ka Ming a me Qing dynasties, ʻoi loa ma hope o ka wā Qianlong, ua hoʻomohala piha ʻia ke kaʻina hana ulana ʻohe.Ua ʻike ʻia nā hīnaʻi ʻohe ma Jiangsu a me Zhejiang.
Mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 a hiki i ka makahiki 1930, ua ulu ka hana o ka ulana ʻohe ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kina.Ua hoʻopololei ʻia nā ʻano ulana ʻohe a me nā ʻano ulana a ua hui pū ʻia e nā ʻano ʻano ulana ʻoi aku ma mua o 150.
Ma hope o ka makahiki 1937, ma lalo o ka kuʻekuʻe hao o ka pūʻali koa Kepani hoʻouka kaua, ua kau nā lima o nā mea ulana ʻohe i ko lākou mau lima e komo i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, he mau mea pena kiʻi wale nō i loko o ka luakini kahiko e hoʻomau i ka hana ulana ʻohe.
Ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o ke kaua, ua hoʻāla hou ʻia ke ʻano o ka ulana ʻohe, a ma hope o nā makahiki 1950, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ke ʻano o ka ulana ʻohe ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka ʻoihana a me ka ʻoihana hana, e komo ana i ke keʻena hana.Ua puka nui mai ka poe akamai loa i ka ulana ohe, a ua loiloiia kekahi o lakou ma na kulana loea o "mea hana" a me "lima akamai".Ua loaʻa iā lākou ka inoa hanohano o "Chinese Arts and Crafts Master" a me "Chinese Bamboo Craft Master".
Ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ke kenekulia 21, ua nalowale ka hoʻokūkū o ka makeke i ka ulana ʻohe, a ua lilo kona mākaukau ulana i "hoʻoilina moʻomeheu intangible".Eia nō naʻe, nui nā mea ulana ʻohe e ʻimi mau nei me ka luhi ʻole i ka hana hou, a ke puka mālie nei nā hana hou.
Moʻolelo hoʻomohala kukui ʻohe
Ua kapa pinepine ʻia nā kukui ʻohe he mau kukui ʻohe translucent.kukui ʻohe noʻeau, etc., a he moʻolelo lōʻihi ko lākou.Ma luna o ke kakahiaka nui, ʻo ke kukui ʻohe he kukui maʻalahi wale nō, hoʻohana nā kānaka i nā ʻano o ka ʻohee hana i kahi pale kukui maʻalahino na kanaka e hoohana.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, no ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā kukui ʻohe, ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea maʻamau o ke ʻano Kina, i hoʻomaka ai e mālama a aloha ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai.Ma muli o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona noʻonoʻo ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomaka ʻia e ʻike a kamaʻāina i nā poʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka moʻo kukui ʻohe Kina, ʻo ia nā huahana kukui ʻohe e koho pinepine ai nā kānaka.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana ulana ʻohe i ʻekolu kaʻina: hoʻomaka, ulana a laka.Ma ke kaʻina hana ulana, ʻo ke ʻano ulana a me ka ulana ka mea nui.Ma ke kumu o ka ulana a me ka ulana, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e like me: ka ulana liʻiliʻi, hoʻokomo, komo, ʻoki, laka, nail, kaula, hoʻonohonoho, etc., i ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ulana.ʻO nā huahana pono e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kala ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana ʻohe i hoʻoluʻu ʻia a i ʻole nā kaula ʻohe i hui pū ʻia me kekahi i kekahi e hana i nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻālohilohi a waihoʻoluʻu.
ʻO nā huahana i ulana ʻia e hoʻohana wale i ka papa honua o ka ʻohe, ʻoi loa ka ʻili o ka fiber, a i ka manawa like, mālama kūikawā, hiki ke kū i ka maloʻo, ʻaʻole deformed, ʻaʻole nā pepeke, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka wai.
He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko ka ulana ʻohe maʻamau.He moʻolelo lōʻihi ka ulana ʻohe kuʻuna, waiwai i ka crystallization o ka hana paʻakikī o ka poʻe hana, ua māhele ʻia nā hana ulana ʻohe i nā hana siliki maikaʻi a me nā mea hana silika ʻohe.Nā ʻano like ʻole ohana kukui ulana ʻohehōʻike ʻia ma ka poloka akamai kuʻuna.
Ka waiwai moʻomeheu o nā kukui ʻohe
1. Aia ma lalo o ka hiʻohiʻona nani ka manaʻo moʻomeheu hohonu o ka ulana ʻohe: ka lokahi o ka lani a me ke kanaka i ka manaʻo o ka hana ʻana.
2. ʻohekukui ulanacraft mai ke koho ʻana i nā mea a hiki i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau, pono pono kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana, ʻo ka manawa hōʻiliʻili ʻohe i kūpono ʻole i nā iniseti a i ʻole ka ʻohe moldy, ʻo ka koho makahiki ʻohe e hoʻoholo ai i ka maʻalahi o ka ʻohe, pēlā e hoʻoholo ai i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana.XINSANXING kukui ulana ʻohea me ke degere o ka nani.
3. ʻoheuhi ipukukui ulanakoho waiwai o ke kau, ka ʻāina, ke kaʻina hana hana ʻohe kuʻuna, ʻo ka pae hana e hoʻoholo ai i kahi ʻohe.uhi ipukukui ulanahe nani a he akamai paha ka mea.ʻOiai ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka ulana ʻohe kuʻuna he hana mana, akā ʻoi aku ka noʻonoʻo o ka manaʻo kuʻuna Kina o ka hana ʻana "ka hui o ke kanaka a me ke ʻano" i koʻikoʻi ʻia e ka manaʻo o ka lokahi a me nā ʻano moʻomeheu o ke kanaka a me ke ʻano.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-25-2021