nsungwi nyali, chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi, chinthu chapadera chopangidwa kuchokera, kotero kuti chimakhala ndi ubwino wambiri wa nsungwi, zokhazikika, zopepuka, zosinthika.Si nyali za chandelier zokha, komanso luso lokongola.Kusankhidwa kwa nsungwi monga zopangira zopangira nyali ndi nyali ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe.Mapangidwe ansungwi nyaliamaphatikiza zojambula zamanja zaku China, zamakono ndi zachikhalidwe, zosinthika, zigawo zodziwika bwino, zowoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo zimabweretsa anthu zodabwitsa zosayembekezereka.
Zoyambira Zathu Zowomba Bamboo
Malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza, anthu atayamba kukhazikika, ankangokhalira ulimi wamba komanso ulimi woweta ziweto, ndipo pakakhala mpunga wochuluka, chimanga komanso zakudya zosaka nyama, ankasunga chakudyacho ndi madzi akumwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mwa apo ndi apo.Panthawiyi, ankagwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa zosiyanasiyana zamwala, mipeni yamwala ndi zida zina kuti azidula nthambi za zomera ndikuzikhota m’mabasiketi, madengu ndi ziwiya zina.Pochita, anapeza kuti nsungwi inali youma, yopyapyala, yosweka, zotanuka komanso zolimba, ndipo zimatha kuluka mosavuta, zamphamvu komanso zolimba.Chifukwa chake, nsungwi zidakhala zida zazikulu zopangira zombo panthawiyo.
Miphika yaku China idayambanso nthawi ya Neolithic, ndipo mapangidwe ake anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi kukonza nsungwi.Makolowo mosadziwa anapeza kuti mbiya zokutidwa ndi dongo sizingalowe madzi mosavuta ndipo zinkatha kusunga zinthu zamadzimadzi zikapsa ndi moto.Chotero dengu lopangidwa ndi nsungwi ndi rattan linagwiritsiridwa ntchito monga chitsanzo, ndiyeno mkati ndi kunja kwa dengulo anakutidwa ndi dongo kupanga nsungwi ndi taupe wa rattan.Anawotcha pamoto kupanga ziwiya.Kenako, anthu atapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miluza kuchokera kudongo, anasiya kuluka nsungwi.Komabe, iwo ankakonda kwambiri mawonekedwe a geometric ansungwi ndi rattan, ndipo ankakongoletsa pamwamba pa mbiyayo ndi mapatani otsanzira zadengu, madengu, mphasa, ndi nsalu zina zolukidwa mwa kuzisisita pamwamba zitauma.
Mu Yin ndi Shang Dynasties ku China, nsungwi ndinyali zoluka za rattanmachitidwe adachuluka.M'mawonekedwe osindikizira mbiya adawonekera pa chitsanzo cha chevron, chitsanzo cha mpunga, chitsanzo chakumbuyo, mawonekedwe a mafunde ndi zina.M'nyengo ya Spring ndi Yophukira ndi Nkhondo Yamayiko, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nsungwi kunakulitsidwa, ndipo kuluka kwa nsungwi pang'onopang'ono kudayamba kukhala ngati luso, ndipo fungo lokongoletsa lamitundu yoluka nsungwi lidakhala lamphamvu komanso lamphamvu, ndipo kuluka kudayamba kukonzedwa bwino.
Nthawi ya Warring States idapanganso munthu wodzipereka kuphunzira njira zowomba nsungwi, ndiye Taishan.
Njira zoluka za Chu mu nthawi ya Warring States zidapangidwanso bwino kwambiri, zofukulidwa ndi: mphasa wansungwi, nsalu yotchinga yansungwi, nsungwi soo (ie nsungwi bokosi), zimakupiza nsungwi, dengu la nsungwi, dengu la nsungwi, dengu la nsungwi ndi zina zotero. .
M'nthawi ya Qin ndi Han, kuluka kwa nsungwi kunkatsatira njira zoluka za dziko la Chu.1980, akatswiri athu ofukula zinthu zakale adafukula ku Xi'an "Qin Ling bronze carriage" yokhala ndi chojambula cha chevron pansi, malinga ndi kusanthula kwa akatswiri, chitsanzo cha chevron ichi chimachokera ku mphasa wolukidwa ndi nsungwi wopangidwa ndi chevron.
Kuphatikiza apo,kuluka nsungwiAnapangidwanso kukhala zoseŵeretsa ana ndi amisiri aluso.Chikondwerero cha nyali chakhala chikuzungulira pakati pa anthu kuyambira nthawi ya Tang Dynasty ndipo idadziwika kwambiri mu Ufumu wa Nyimbo.Olemekezeka ena amalemba ganyu opanga nyali kuti apange nyali zokongola.Chimodzi mwa izo ndikugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi zomangira mafupa ndi kumata silika kapena mapepala achikuda pamphepete.Zina mwa izo zinali zokongoletsedwanso ndi silika wolukidwa wansungwi.
Nyali za chinjoka zinayamba mu 202 BC ndipo zinadziwika kwambiri mu 960. Mutu ndi thupi la chinjoka nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi nsungwi, ndipo mamba pa chinjoka nthawi zambiri amamangidwa ndi silika wansungwi.
Palinso sewero laling'ono la anthu otchedwa "bamboo horse play".Zaperekedwa kuyambira ma Dynasties a Sui ndi Tang.Masewero a masewerawa akugwirizana ndi kavalo, monga "Zhaogun kunja kwa linga" ndi zina zotero, ochita masewerawa amakwera pahatchi yopangidwa ndi nsungwi.
Chiyambi cha Ming Dynasty, dera la Jiangnan lomwe limagwira ntchito yoluka nsungwi likukulirakulirabe, kuyendayenda m'misewu ndi misewu yokonza khomo ndi khomo.Makatani a nsungwi, madengu a nsungwi, mabokosi ansungwi ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri woluka nsungwi.Makamaka kuluka kwa nsungwi ndikotchuka kwambiri.Msungwi wamadzi wa Yiyang unakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa Yuan komanso ma Dynasties oyambirira a Ming.
Pakati pa Ming Dynasty, kugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi kuluka kumachulukirachulukira, kuluka mopitilira muyeso, komanso ndi lacquer ndi njira zina kuphatikiza kupanga angapo upscale nsungwi zida.Monga mabokosi ojambulira osungiramo zojambula ndi calligraphy, mabokosi ang'onoang'ono ozungulira osungira zodzikongoletsera, ndi mabokosi akuluakulu ozungulira oyika chakudya.
"Bokosi lozungulira lopangidwa ndi nsungwi" linali ngati bokosi lozungulira lopangidwa ndi boma ndi adindo mu Ming Dynasty.
M'nthawi ya Ming ndi Qing, makamaka pambuyo pa nthawi ya Qianlong, njira yowomba nsungwi idakula bwino.Mabasiketi ansungwi adawonekera ku Jiangsu ndi Zhejiang.
Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 mpaka m'ma 1930, ntchito yoluka nsungwi inakula kumwera konse kwa China.Njira zowomba nsungwi ndi njira zoluka zidapangidwa kukhala zangwiro ndikusonkhanitsidwa kale ndi mitundu yopitilira 150 ya njira zoluka.
Pambuyo pa 1937, pansi pa chidendene chachitsulo cha gulu lankhondo la ku Japan lomwe linadzaukira, akatswiri oluka nsungwi ayika manja awo kuti achite nawo mabizinesi ena, ongojambula ochepa okha m'kachisi wakale kuti apitilize ntchito yoluka nsungwi.
Nkhondo itatha, luso la kuluka kwa nsungwi linatsitsimutsidwa pang’onopang’ono, ndipo pambuyo pa zaka za m’ma 1950 luso la kuwomba nsungwi linayamba kuzindikirika mwalamulo ngati gawo la ntchito zaluso ndi zaluso, kulowa muholo ya zojambulajambula.Ojambula aluso kwambiri oluka nsungwi adatulukiranso ambiri, ena adawunikidwanso pamiyeso ya "mmisiri" ndi "mmisiri wamkulu".Iwo apatsidwa udindo wolemekezeka wa "Chinese Arts and Crafts Master" ndi "Chinese Bamboo Craft Master".
Atalowa m'zaka za zana la 21, kuluka kwa nsungwi pang'onopang'ono kunasiya kupikisana ndi msika, ndipo luso lake loluka linakhala "cholowa chachikhalidwe chosaoneka".Komabe, pali ojambula ambiri oluka nsungwi omwe akupitirizabe mwakhama kutsata zaluso zatsopano, ndipo ntchito zatsopano zikutuluka pang’onopang’ono.
Mbiri yakukula kwa nyali ya bamboo
Nyali za bamboo nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa translucent nsungwi nyali,nyali zaluso za nsungwi, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ali ndi mbiri yakale.Koposa koyambirira kwambiri, nyali ya nsungwi ndi nyali yosavuta, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a nsungwi kutipangani choyikapo nyali chosavutakuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito.M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha mapangidwe a nyali za nsungwi, kuphatikizidwa kwa zinthu zakale za kalembedwe ka China, kotero kuti zinayamba kusamalidwa ndi kukondedwa ndi ogula ambiri.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera aluso, idayamba kudziwika ndikudziwika bwino ndi anthu, makamaka mndandanda wa nyali za nsungwi zaku China, zomwe ndi zida zanyali zansungwi zomwe anthu amasankha nthawi zambiri.
Njira yowomba nsungwi imatha kugawidwa m'njira zitatu: kuyambira, kuluka ndi kutseka.Pakuluka, njira yoluka ndi yokhotakhota ndiyo yaikulu.Pamaziko a warp ndi weft kuluka, angathenso interspersed ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, monga: sparse yokhotakhota, amaika, kudutsa, odulidwa, loko, msomali, tayi, anapereka, etc., kotero kuti nsalu mapangidwe amasiyana.Zogulitsa zomwe zimafunikira kufananizidwa ndi mitundu ina zimapangidwa ndi zidutswa za nsungwi zopakidwa utoto kapena ulusi wansungwi wolumikizana wina ndi mnzake kuti apange mitundu yosiyana, yowala komanso yowoneka bwino.
nsungwi nsalu mankhwala ntchito pamwamba wosanjikiza wa nsungwi, CHIKWANGWANI ndi wandiweyani, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala apadera, akhoza kugonjetsedwa ndi kuyanika, osati opunduka, osati tizilombo, madzi akhoza kutsukidwa.
Kuluka kwa nsungwi kwachikhalidwe kuli ndi mbiri yakale.Kuluka kwa nsungwi kwachikale kuli ndi mbiri yakale, yolemera mu kulimbikira kwa ntchito yolimba ya anthu ogwira ntchito, ntchito zoluka za nsungwi zimagawidwa kukhala zaluso zaluso za silika ndi zaluso zolimba za nsungwi za silika.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yanyali yoluka nsungwi imagwira ntchitozikuwonetsedwa mu luso lakale la luso.
Mtengo wa chikhalidwe cha nyali za nsungwi
1. Pansi pa maonekedwe ochititsa chidwi pali chikhalidwe chakuya cha kuluka kwa nsungwi: umodzi wakumwamba ndi munthu pamalingaliro a chilengedwe.
2. nsungwinyali yolukidwaluso kuchokera kusankha zipangizo kukonzekera ndondomeko, ndondomeko iliyonse iyenera kukhala yolondola mosamalitsa, nthawi yotolera nsungwi mosayenera sachedwa tizilombo kapena nsungwi yankhungu, kusankha zaka nsungwi kumatsimikizira kusinthasintha kwa nsungwi, motero kudziwa zovuta kukonzekeraXINSANXING nyali yoluka nsungwindi mlingo wa kukongola.
3. nsungwinsalu yotchingakusankha zinthu nyengo, dera, miyambo nsungwi nsalu kupanga ndondomeko, kupanga mlingo potsiriza limatsimikizira nsungwinsalu yotchingakaya nkhaniyo ndi yokongola komanso yanzeru.Ngakhale kuluka kwa nsungwi kwachikhalidwe sikumawonedwa ngati chozizwitsa, koma kumawonetsa kwambiri lingaliro lachikhalidwe lachi China la chilengedwe "umodzi wa munthu ndi chilengedwe" womwe ukugogomezeredwa ndi lingaliro la mgwirizano ndi chikhalidwe chamunthu ndi chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-25-2021